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20.1.38 Properties of the intersection product066B0B2E68CA

Let $X$ be a connected compact Kähler manifold of dimension $n$. Recall that the mixed volume of currents is studied in subsection 18.1.20.

Definition 20.1.39.BFB26AC5F975 Let $\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n$ be big and nef b-divisors over $X$. Then we define their intersection as

\[ \left( \mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)\coloneqq \operatorname{vol}(T_1,\ldots ,T_ n), \]

where $T_1,\ldots ,T_ n$ are closed positive $(1,1)$-currents in $\mathbb {D}_{1,X},\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_{n,X}$ respectively such that $\mathbb {D}(T_ i)=\mathbb {D}_{i}$.

The definition makes sense thanks to theorem 20.1.24. It does not depend on the choices of $T_1,\ldots ,T_ n$ since they are uniquely defined up to $\mathcal{I}$-equivalence, as proved in theorem 20.1.28.

Lemma 20.1.40.DFC2368D5436

  1. 0B43092BD979

    The product in definition 20.1.39 is symmetric in its $n$ variables.

  2. 3FE06BA1D6F2

    Let $\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n,\mathbb {D}'_1$ be big and nef b-divisors over $X$. Then

    \[ \left(\mathbb {D}_1+\mathbb {D}_1',\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)=\left(\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)+\left(\mathbb {D}_1',\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right). \]
  3. 6704C2A24387

    Let $\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n$ be big and nef b-divisors over $X$ and $\lambda \geq 0$. Then

    \[ \left(\lambda \mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)=\lambda \left(\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right). \]
  4. 41087E4D84EF

    Let $\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n$ and $\mathbb {D}'$ be big and nef b-divisors over $X$ such that $\mathbb {D}_1\leq \mathbb {D}'$. Then

    \[ \left(\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)\leq \left(\mathbb {D}',\mathbb {D}_2,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right). \]

Proof. 1, 2 and 3 follow immediately from the corresponding results for mixed volumes, as proved in proposition 18.1.27.

4 Take $\mathcal{I}$-good non-divisorial closed positive $(1,1)$-currents $T_1,\ldots ,T_ n$ and $T'$ so that $\mathbb {D}(T_ i)=\mathbb {D}_ i$ for all $i=1,\ldots ,n$ and $\mathbb {D}(T')=\mathbb {D}'$. Furthermore, we may assume that the $T_ i$'s and $T'$ are Kähler currents by the perturbation argument.

Let $(T_{i}^ j)_ j$ be a quasi-equisingular approximation of $T_ i$ for $i=2,\ldots ,n$. It follows from theorem 16.9.30 that

\[ \int _ X T_1\wedge \cdots \wedge T_ n=\lim _{j\to \infty } \int _ X T_1\wedge T_2^ j\wedge \cdots \wedge T_ n^ j. \]

It suffices to show that for all $j\geq 1$,

\[ \int _ X T_1\wedge T_2^ j\wedge \cdots \wedge T_ n^ j\leq \int _ X T'\wedge T_2^ j\wedge \cdots \wedge T_ n^ j. \]

Therefore, we have reduced to the case where $T_2,\ldots ,T_ n$ have analytic singularities. After a resolution, we may assume that they have log singularities along $\mathbb {Q}$-divisors. By proposition 18.1.27 5, we can further reduce to the case where $T_2,\ldots ,T_ n$ have bounded local potentials. Perturbing $T_2,\ldots ,T_ n$ by a Kähler form, we may further assume that $\{ T_2\} ,\ldots , \{ T_ n\} $ are Kähler classes. By proposition 18.1.27 4, we finally reduce to the case where $T_2,\ldots ,T_ n$ are Kähler forms. In this case, the assertion follows from the pseudo-effectivity of $\{ T'\} -\{ T_1\} $. $\square$

In general, we can extend the definition of the intersection product to nef b-divisors as follows:

Definition 20.1.41.60343D71D40A Let $\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n$ be nef b-divisors over $X$. Then we define their intersection as

33927991E020 20.1.42
\begin{equation} \left( \mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)\coloneqq \lim _{\epsilon \to 0+}\Bigl ( \mathbb {D}_1+\epsilon \mathbb {D}(\omega ),\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n+\epsilon \mathbb {D}(\omega ) \Bigr ), \end{equation}

where $\omega $ is a Kähler form on $X$.

Note that as $\epsilon \to 0+$, $\left( \mathbb {D}_1+\epsilon \mathbb {D}(\omega ),\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n+\epsilon \mathbb {D}(\omega ) \right)$ is decreasing, as a consequence of 20.1.40 4. Similarly, by 20.1.40 4 again, the definition is independent of the choice of $\omega $.

Proposition 20.1.43.AEC81016D4BC

  1. 413103745994

    The product in definition 20.1.41 is symmetric in its $n$ variables.

  2. E21CF2D200CF

    Let $\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n,\mathbb {D}'_1$ be nef b-divisors over $X$. Then

    \[ \left(\mathbb {D}_1+\mathbb {D}_1',\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)=\left(\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)+\left(\mathbb {D}_1',\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right). \]
  3. F1CD812A96DA

    Let $\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n$ be nef b-divisors over $X$ and $\lambda \geq 0$. Then

    \[ \left(\lambda \mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)=\lambda \left(\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right). \]
  4. B5FA9D24DE24

    Let $\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n$ and $\mathbb {D}'$ be nef b-divisors over $X$ such that $\mathbb {D}_1\leq \mathbb {D}'$. Then

    \[ \left(\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)\leq \left(\mathbb {D}',\mathbb {D}_2,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right). \]
  5. 2960B6AF1379

    Let $T_1,\ldots ,T_ n$ be closed positive $(1,1)$-currents on $X$. Then

    \[ \Bigl ( \mathbb {D}(T_1),\ldots ,\mathbb {D}(T_ n) \Bigr )= \operatorname{vol}(T_1,\ldots ,T_ n). \]

Proof. 1, 2, 3 and 4 These are immediate consequences of the corresponding results in the big and nef case established in 20.1.40.

5 By (18.1.26) and (20.1.42), we may assume that $T_1,\ldots ,T_ n$ are Kähler currents. In this case, the assertion follows from the definitions. $\square$

Lemma 20.1.44.D57BEED0545E Let $\omega $ be a Kähler form on $X$. Fix a compact set $K\subseteq \mathrm{H}^{1,1}(X,\mathbb {R})$. Let $\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n$ be nef b-divisors over $X$ such that $\mathbb {D}_{i,X}\in K$ for each $i=1,\ldots ,n$. Then there is a constant $C$ depending only on $X,K,\{ \omega \} $ such that for any $\epsilon \in [0,1]$, we have

\[ 0\leq \Bigl ( \mathbb {D}_1+\epsilon \mathbb {D}(\omega ),\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n+\epsilon \mathbb {D}(\omega ) \Bigr )-\left( \mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)\leq C\epsilon . \]

Proof. By 20.1.40 4, the left-hand side is non-negative. For the upper bound, by the multi-linearity of the product proved in proposition 20.1.43, we can rewrite the difference as a sum of $2^ n-1$ terms like

\[ \epsilon ^{m} \Bigl ( \mathbb {D}(\omega )^{m}, \mathbb {D}_{i_1},\ldots , \mathbb {D}_{i_{n-m}} \Bigr ), \]

where $J\subseteq \{ 1,\ldots ,n\} $ is a non-empty subset of cardinality $m$, and $\{ i_1,\ldots ,i_{n-m}\} $ is the complement of $J$. We need to show that these coefficients are uniformly bounded by a constant depending only on the given data. For this purpose, we add $\mathbb {D}(\omega )$ to each $\mathbb {D}_ i$ and then replace $K$ by $K+\{ \omega \} $. Therefore, we reduce to the case where each $\mathbb {D}_ i$ is nef and big, and hence $\mathbb {D}_ i=\mathbb {D}(T_ i)$ for some $\mathcal{I}$-good closed positive $(1,1)$-currents on $X$ with positive volumes. Then we need to bound

\[ \int _ X \omega ^ m\wedge T_{i_1}\wedge \cdots \wedge T_{i_{n-m}}. \]

For this purpose, let $D\geq 0$ be the minimal non-negative number so that $D\{ \omega \} -\alpha $ is nef for any $\alpha \in K$. Then the integral is bounded by the cohomological intersection $\{ \omega \} ^ m\cap (D\{ \omega \} )^{n-m}$. Our assertion follows. $\square$

We first make a consistency check.

Proposition 20.1.45.9D4AD4B277B4 Suppose that $\mathbb {D}$ is a nef b-divisor over $X$. Then

\[ \left( \mathbb {D},\ldots ,\mathbb {D} \right)=\operatorname{vol}\mathbb {D}. \]

Proof. Using 20.1.44 and 20.1.7, we may easily reduce to the case where $\mathbb {D}$ is nef and big. In this case, take a non-divisorial closed positive $(1,1)$-current $T$ in $\mathbb {D}_ X$ such that $\mathbb {D}(T)=\mathbb {D}$. Then we need to show that

\[ \operatorname{vol}\mathbb {D}=\operatorname{vol}T, \]

which is proved in theorem 20.1.15. $\square$

Proposition 20.1.46.2E8615B14EC8 Let $\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n$ be nef b-divisors over $X$. Then

\[ \left(\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)\geq \prod _{i=1}^ n \left( \operatorname{vol}\mathbb {D}_ i\right)^{1/n}. \]

Proof. We may assume that $\operatorname{vol}\mathbb {D}_ i>0$ for each $i=1,\ldots ,n$ since there is nothing to prove otherwise. In this case, our assertion follows from proposition 18.1.36. $\square$

Proposition 20.1.47.754B050BFA6C The product in definition 20.1.41 is upper semicontinuous in the following sense. Suppose that $(\mathbb {D}_ i^ j)_{j\in J}$ are nets of nef b-divisors over $X$ with limits $\mathbb {D}_ i$ for each $i=1,\ldots ,n$. Then

7E0BA3EB7A39 20.1.48
\begin{equation} \varlimsup _{j\in J}\left(\mathbb {D}_1^ j,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n^ j \right)\leq \left( \mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right). \end{equation}

Proof. Step 1. We first assume that the $\mathbb D_ i^ j$'s and the $\mathbb D_ i$'s are all big.

Choose $\mathcal I$-good non-divisorial currents $T_ i^ j$ and $T_ i$ such that $\mathbb D(T_ i^ j)=\mathbb D_ i^ j$ and $\mathbb D(T_ i)=\mathbb D_ i$. Fix a Kähler form $\omega $ on $X$ and fix $\epsilon >0$. Since $\mathbb D_{i,X}^ j\to \mathbb D_{i,X}$, for all sufficiently large $j$ the class

\[ \mathbb D_{i,X}+\epsilon \{ \omega \} -\mathbb D_{i,X}^ j \]

is Kähler. Choose a Kähler form $\chi _ i^ j$ in this class and set $S_ i^ j=T_ i^ j+\chi _ i^ j$. Then $S_ i^ j$ lies in the fixed class $\mathbb D_{i,X}+\epsilon \{ \omega \} $ and has the same divisorial Lelong numbers as $T_ i^ j$. Hence, by theorem 18.1.42 and proposition 18.1.27 2,

\[ \varlimsup _{j\in J}\operatorname{vol}\Bigl (T_1^ j,\ldots ,T_ n^ j\Bigr )\leq \varlimsup _{j\in J}\operatorname{vol}\Bigl (S_1^ j,\ldots ,S_ n^ j\Bigr )\leq \operatorname{vol}\left(T_1+\epsilon \omega ,\ldots ,T_ n+\epsilon \omega \right). \]

Therefore,

\[ \varlimsup _{j\in J}\Bigl (\mathbb D_1^ j,\ldots ,\mathbb D_ n^ j\Bigr )\leq \Bigl (\mathbb D_1+\epsilon \mathbb D(\omega ),\ldots ,\mathbb D_ n+\epsilon \mathbb D(\omega )\Bigr ). \]

Letting $\epsilon \to 0+$ gives (20.1.48).

Step 2. Next we handle the general case.

Take a Kähler form $\omega $ on $X$. Then by 20.1.44, for any $\epsilon \in (0,1]$, we have

\[ \begin{aligned} \varlimsup _{j\in J}\left(\mathbb {D}_1^ j,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n^ j \right) \leq & \varlimsup _{j\in J}\left(\mathbb {D}_1^ j+\epsilon \mathbb {D}(\omega ),\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n^ j+\epsilon \mathbb {D}(\omega ) \right)\\ \leq & \left( \mathbb {D}_1+\epsilon \mathbb {D}(\omega ),\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n+\epsilon \mathbb {D}(\omega ) \right)\\ \leq & \left( \mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n \right)+C\epsilon . \end{aligned} \]

Since $\epsilon $ is arbitrary, our assertion follows. $\square$

Proposition 20.1.49.FE8A163BAA22 The product in definition 20.1.41 is continuous along decreasing nets in each variable. In other words, if $(\mathbb {D}_ i^ j)_{j\in J}$ ($i=1,\ldots ,n$) are decreasing nets of nef b-divisors over $X$ with limits $\mathbb {D}_ i$, then

\[ \lim _{j\in J} \left(\mathbb {D}_1^ j,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n^ j\right)=\left(\mathbb {D}_1,\ldots ,\mathbb {D}_ n\right). \]

Proof. This is a straightforward consequence of 20.1.40 4 and proposition 20.1.47. $\square$

Remark 20.1.50.D7547FA69C91 The algebraic nef b-divisors are equipped with the corresponding algebraic intersection theory. It is a straightforward application of the results proved in this section that our transcendental intersection theory coincides with theirs in the algebraic setting.

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