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10.31.33 Weighted measure additionDA040FEBC40C

Given $u,v\in \mathcal E_\varphi $ and $\lambda >0$, we look for $a\in \mathcal E_\varphi $ with $\mu _ a=\mathrm{e}^{\lambda (a-u)}\mu _ u+\mathrm{e}^{\lambda (a-v)}\mu _ v$. This weighted addition is used in subsection 10.31.43 to enlarge the weighted measure of a supersolution. The measure $\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda u}\mu _ u+\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda v}\mu _ v$ can have infinite mass, so we approximate the inputs while keeping a common lower bound in $\mathcal E_\varphi $ for the approximate solutions. This bound gives convergence in capacity, even when the approximate solutions have different ordinary types, and localizes the limiting equation away from deep sublevel sets. Exponentially weighted measures are defined off the pole sets and assigned zero mass there.

Lemma 10.31.34.68A4962EA99D Let $a_ j\in \mathrm{PSH}(X,\theta )$ have a common upper bound and converge in $L^1(X)$ to $a\in \mathrm{PSH}(X,\theta )$ with $a\preceq \varphi $. Suppose there is $h\in \mathcal E_\varphi $ such that $h\leq a_ j$ for every $j$. If, for some $\lambda >0$,

\[ \int _ X|a_ j-a|\mathrm{e}^{\lambda a}\, \mu _{a_ j}\longrightarrow 0, \]

then $a\in \mathcal E_\varphi $ and $a_ j\to a$ in capacity.

Proof. By lemma 5.24.3, the lower bound passes to the limit, so $h\leq a\preceq \varphi $, and upward stability gives $a\in \mathcal E_\varphi $. Start with any subsequence and extract a further one along which the integrals in the hypothesis are at most $2^{-j}$ and $a_ j\to a$ almost everywhere for smooth volume. The finite rooftops

\[ p_{j,N}=P_\theta (a_ j,\ldots ,a_ N) \]

are not identically $-\infty $ because $h$ is a competitor. Partitioning their contact sets according to the first obstacle touched gives

\[ \int _ X\min (1,|p_{j,N}-a|)\mathrm{e}^{\lambda a}\, \mu _{p_{j,N}} \leq \sum _{k=j}^ N\int _ X|a_ k-a|\mathrm{e}^{\lambda a}\, \mu _{a_ k} \leq 2^{1-j}. \]

No relative-class assertion about these finite rooftops is needed. Their decreasing limits $p_ j=P_\theta (\inf _{k\geq j}a_ k)$ are at least $h$, and the almost-everywhere convergence gives $p_ j\leq a$. Hence the $p_ j$ and their increasing regularized limit $p$ lie in $\mathcal E_\varphi $.

The limits in $N$ and then in $j$ hold in capacity by lemma 5.29.19, since $h$ is a common lower bound. Apply the weighted lower semicontinuity lemma 13.14.8 twice, to the bounded weights $\min (1,|p_{j,N}-a|)\mathrm{e}^{\lambda a}$ and their limits. These weights converge in capacity: discard deep sublevel sets of $h$ and $a$, and use continuity on the remaining finite ranges. We obtain

\[ \int _ X\min (1,|p-a|)\mathrm{e}^{\lambda a}\, \mu _ p=0. \]

The exponential is positive off a pluripolar set, which $\mu _ p$ does not charge. Hence $\mu _ p(\{ p<a\} )=0$, and zero domination gives $p=a$. The upper envelopes $(\sup _{k\geq j}a_ k)^*$ decrease to $a$, and squeezing proves convergence in capacity along this subsequence. Since the initial subsequence was arbitrary, the convergence holds for the original sequence. $\square$

The next lemma treats exponent one; the general exponent in theorem 10.31.38 follows by rescaling the background and the potentials.

Lemma 10.31.35.F92458E62F62 Let $u,v,\sigma \in \mathrm{PSH}(X,\theta )$ be nonpositive, with $u,v\preceq \varphi $, and let $t_ j\uparrow \infty $. Each of the sequences $u_ j$, $v_ j$ is either constant, equal to $u$, respectively $v$, for every $j$, or given by the truncations

\[ u_ j=\max (u,\sigma -t_ j),\qquad v_ j=\max (v,\sigma -t_ j). \]

Suppose that the Monge–Ampère masses of the $u_ j$ and $v_ j$ are uniformly bounded. Fix $h\in \mathcal E_\varphi $ and let $a_ j\in \mathrm{PSH}(X,\theta )$ satisfy

\[ \mu _{a_ j}=\mathrm{e}^{a_ j-u_ j}\mu _{u_ j}+\mathrm{e}^{a_ j-v_ j}\mu _{v_ j}, \qquad h\leq a_ j\leq \min (u_ j,v_ j). \]

If $a_ j\to a$ in $L^1(X)$, then $a\in \mathcal E_\varphi $, the convergence holds in capacity, and

\[ a\leq \min (u,v),\qquad \mu _ a=\mathrm{e}^{a-u}\mu _ u+\mathrm{e}^{a-v}\mu _ v. \]

The measure on the right is finite, even when $\mathrm{e}^{-u}\mu _ u+\mathrm{e}^{-v}\mu _ v$ has infinite total mass.

Proof. Since $u_ j$ and $v_ j$ decrease to $u$ and $v$, the bounds give $h\leq a\leq \min (u,v)\preceq \varphi $, so $a\in \mathcal E_\varphi $. After discarding finitely many indices we may assume $t_ j\geq 0$, so all potentials $a_ j,a$ are nonpositive. Let $E_ j$ be the intersection of the sets $\{ u>\sigma -t_ j\} $ and $\{ v>\sigma -t_ j\} $, taken only for those inputs that are truncated; a constant sequence imposes no condition. On $E_ j$, locality gives $\mu _{u_ j}=\mu _ u$ and $\mu _{v_ j}=\mu _ v$. Since $a,a_ j\leq u_ j,v_ j$, we have

\[ \mathrm{e}^ a\mu _{a_ j} \leq \mathrm{e}^{(a+a_ j)/2}(\mu _{u_ j}+\mu _{v_ j}). \]

If $x\notin E_ j$, then one truncated input and its truncation are at most $-t_ j$ at $x$, so $a_ j(x),a(x)\leq -t_ j$. Moreover $|a_ j-a|\mathrm{e}^{(a+a_ j)/4}$ is bounded by an absolute constant, since $a_ j,a\leq 0$. Thus

9AD37088F405 10.31.36
\begin{equation} \int _ X|a_ j-a|\mathrm{e}^ a\, \mu _{a_ j} \leq \int _ X|a_ j-a|\mathrm{e}^{(a+a_ j)/2}(\mu _ u+\mu _ v) +C \mathrm{e}^{-t_ j/2}. \end{equation}

The assumed uniform mass bound is used only in the last term. The fixed measure $\mu _ u+\mu _ v$ is finite by bounded mass. Lemma 5.44.2, applied to $\mathrm{e}^{a_ j}$ and $\mathrm{e}^ a$, shows that $a_ j\to a$ in measure for $\mu _ u+\mu _ v$, since $a$ is finite almost everywhere for this non-pluripolar measure. The integrand in the first term of (10.31.36) is uniformly bounded and tends to zero in measure, so its integral tends to zero. Lemma 10.31.34 now gives convergence in capacity. When a subsequence is taken, the corresponding truncation levels $t_ j$ are kept.

To identify the equation, fix $T>0$ and choose a continuous nondecreasing function $g_ T:[-\infty ,0]\to [0,1]$ that vanishes on $[-\infty ,-2T]$ and equals one on $[-T,0]$, such that $g_ T\uparrow 1$ at finite points as $T\to \infty $. Put $\chi _ T=g_ T(h)$. Since $h\leq a\leq u,v$, both $u$ and $v$ exceed $-2T$ on $\{ \chi _ T>0\} $. Therefore, once $t_ j>2T$, every truncated input agrees there with its limit, and

\[ \chi _ T\mu _{a_ j} =\chi _ T\mathrm{e}^{a_ j}(\mathrm{e}^{-u}\mu _ u+\mathrm{e}^{-v}\mu _ v). \]

Choose a Hermitian form $\Omega \geq \theta $. On the left-hand side, replace $a_ j$ by $\max (a_ j,-2T)$, which does not change $\chi _ T\mu _{a_ j}$ because $\chi _ T$ vanishes where $a_ j\leq -2T$, and expand the bounded product as

\[ (\theta +\mathrm{dd}^{\mathrm{c}}\max (a_ j,-2T))^ n =\sum _{k=0}^ n\binom nk (\Omega +\mathrm{dd}^{\mathrm{c}}\max (a_ j,-2T))^ k\wedge (\theta -\Omega )^{n-k}. \]

Bounded capacity continuity with the fixed quasi-continuous weight $\chi _ T$ therefore gives convergence to $\chi _ T\mu _ a$, after testing against a continuous function. The uncut product may be signed, but its terms have uniformly capacity-controlled total variations.

On the right-hand side, $\chi _ T \mathrm{e}^{-u}$ and $\chi _ T \mathrm{e}^{-v}$ are bounded by $\mathrm{e}^{2T}$. Fixed-measure exponential convergence therefore gives convergence in total variation to $\chi _ T\mathrm{e}^ a(\mathrm{e}^{-u}\mu _ u+\mathrm{e}^{-v}\mu _ v)$. Let $T\to \infty $. The limiting right-hand side is at most $\mu _ u+\mu _ v$, because $a\leq u,v$. Both sides ignore the pole set of $h$, so the cutoff identities prove the global equation and the finiteness of its right-hand side. $\square$

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